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Mongoose.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html style="display: none;" lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
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© Material Theme
https://github.com/viosey/hexo-theme-material
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<title>
Mongoose |
黄明照--一个在路上慢慢行走的前端人
</title>
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<meta name="keywords" content="黄明照、黄明照的个人博客、黄明照的个人网站、一个在路上慢慢行走的前端人,Mongoose">
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<!-- WebAPP Icons -->
<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="application-name" content="黄明照--一个在路上慢慢行走的前端人">
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://www.huangmingzhao.cn/Mongoose.html">
<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#0097A7">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="黄明照--一个在路上慢慢行走的前端人">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
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<meta property="og:description" content="黄明照、黄明照的个人博客、黄明照的个人网站、一个在路上慢慢行走的前端人">
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<meta property="article:published_time" content="Mon Oct 08 2018 22:49:01 GMT+0800">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="Mon Oct 08 2018 23:44:38 GMT+0800">
<!-- The Twitter Card protocol -->
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<ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#MongoDB"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">MongoDB</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#何为MongoDB？"><span class="post-toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">何为MongoDB？</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#下载安装"><span class="post-toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">下载安装</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#概念"><span class="post-toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">概念</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#常见使用"><span class="post-toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">常见使用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Mongoose"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Mongoose</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#何为Mongoose？"><span class="post-toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">何为Mongoose？</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Schema、Model、Entity"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Schema、Model、Entity</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Schema"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Schema</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Model"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Model</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#Entity"><span class="post-toc-number">2.2.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">Entity</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#CRUD"><span class="post-toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">CRUD</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#索引"><span class="post-toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">索引</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#验证器Validate"><span class="post-toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">验证器Validate</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#内置验证器"><span class="post-toc-number">2.5.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">内置验证器</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#自定义验证器"><span class="post-toc-number">2.5.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">自定义验证器</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#错误提示"><span class="post-toc-number">2.5.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">错误提示</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#联表查询"><span class="post-toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">联表查询</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#虚拟属性VirtualType"><span class="post-toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">虚拟属性VirtualType</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#插件"><span class="post-toc-number">2.8.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">插件</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#聚合函数"><span class="post-toc-number">2.9.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">聚合函数</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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Mongoose
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<strong>黄明照</strong>
<span>10月 08, 2018</span>
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<h1 id="MongoDB"><a href="#MongoDB" class="headerlink" title="MongoDB"></a>MongoDB</h1><h2 id="何为MongoDB？"><a href="#何为MongoDB？" class="headerlink" title="何为MongoDB？"></a>何为MongoDB？</h2><p>MongoDB是一个介于关系型数据库和非关系型数据库之间的开源产品，它是功能最为丰富的非关系型数据库，也是最像关系型数据库的非关系型数据库。</p>
<p>MongoDB 将数据存储为一个文档，数据结构由键值(key=>value)对组成。MongoDB 文档类似于 JSON 对象。字段值可以包含其他文档，数组及文档数组。</p>
<h2 id="下载安装"><a href="#下载安装" class="headerlink" title="下载安装"></a>下载安装</h2><p>下载:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/osx/mongodb-osx-ssl-x86_64-4.0.0.tgz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>解压:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo tar -zxvf mongodb-osx-ssl-x86_64-4.0.0.tgz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>重命名为mongodb目录:<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo mv mongodb-osx-ssl-x86_64-4.0.0 mongodb</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="概念"><a href="#概念" class="headerlink" title="概念"></a>概念</h2><p><img src="http://oubl6fzsm.bkt.clouddn.com/1538979571423.jpg" alt="image"></p>
<h2 id="常见使用"><a href="#常见使用" class="headerlink" title="常见使用"></a>常见使用</h2><ul>
<li><p><strong>查询所有结果</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>指定返回哪些键</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select title, author from article</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({}, {"title": 1, "author": 1})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>where条件</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article where title = "深入浅出Node"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"title": "深入浅出Node"})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>and条件</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article where title = "深入浅出Node" and author = "朴灵"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"title": "深入浅出Node", "author": "朴灵"})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>or条件</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article where title = "深入浅出Node" or author = "朴灵"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"$or": [{"title": "深入浅出Node"}, {"author": "朴灵"}]})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>比较条件</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article where read >= 100</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"like": {"$gt": 100}}) //$gt(>)、$gte(>=)、$lt(<)、$lte(<=) $ne(!=)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">select * from article where read >= 100 and read <= 200</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"like": {"$gte": 100, "lte": 200}})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>in条件</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article where author in ("a", "b", "c")</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"author": {"$in": ["a", "b", "c"]}})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>like条件</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article where title like "%深入%"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"title": /深入/i})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>取反</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.article.find({"author": {"$not": /mongodb/i}})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>排序</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//升序</span><br><span class="line">select * from article where type = "mongodb" order by read desc</span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"type": "mongodb"}).sort({"like": -1})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//降序</span><br><span class="line">select * from article where type = "mongodb" order by read asc</span><br><span class="line">db.article.find({"type": "mongodb"}).sort({"like": 1})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>更新特定字段（$set）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">update article set like = 10000 where _id = 123</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.update({"_id": 123}, { "$set": {"like": 10000}})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>递增或递减（$inc）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.article.update({"_id": 123}, { "$inc": {"like": 10}}) // 每次count都加10</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>数组追加（$push）</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.game.update({"_id": 123}, { "$push": {"comment": '真好'}})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>删除指定文档</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">delete from article where title = "mongodb"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.remove({title: "mongodb"})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>**limit和skip</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">select * from article limit 10, 20</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.article.find().skip(10).limit(20) //结合limit()和skip()来达到分页效果</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//数据库</span><br><span class="line">use xxx //创建或选择数据库</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">show dbs / collections</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">use xxx db.dropDatabase() //删除数据库</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//集合</span><br><span class="line">db.createCollection("mycol", { capped : true, autoIndexId : true, size : 6142800, max : 10000 } ) //创建集合</span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.insert({"name" : "黄明照"}) //创建集合并插入</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.drop() //删除集合</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.save(...) //无_id插入文档 有_id表示更新</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.update({'age': 18},{$set:{'age': 20}}) //更新集合</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.remove({'age': 20}) //删除文档</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.find({key1:value1, key2:value2}).pretty() //查询 并and</span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.find({$or: [{key1: value1}, {key2:value2}]}).pretty() //or 或</span><br><span class="line">db.mycol2.find({"age": {$gt:18}, $or: [{"name": "hmz"},{"name": "黄明照"}]}).pretty() //查询 并和或一起使用</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//limit 和 skip 方法 做分页查询</span><br><span class="line">db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER)</span><br><span class="line">db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER).skip(NUMBER)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// 排序</span><br><span class="line">db.col.find({},{"name":1, _id:0}).sort({"age":-1})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="Mongoose"><a href="#Mongoose" class="headerlink" title="Mongoose"></a>Mongoose</h1><h2 id="何为Mongoose？"><a href="#何为Mongoose？" class="headerlink" title="何为Mongoose？"></a>何为Mongoose？</h2><p>简单的说，Mongoose就是对node环境中MongoDB数据库操作的封装，一个对象模型工具，将数据库中的数据转换为JavaScript对象以供我们在应用中使用。</p>
<h2 id="Schema、Model、Entity"><a href="#Schema、Model、Entity" class="headerlink" title="Schema、Model、Entity"></a>Schema、Model、Entity</h2><p>在使用Mongoose前，先了解一下 Mongoose 中的三个概念：Schema、Model、Entity</p>
<h3 id="Schema"><a href="#Schema" class="headerlink" title="Schema"></a>Schema</h3><p><code>Schema</code>是一种以文件形式存储的数据库模型骨架，不具备数据库的操作能力，其实也可以看作是表结构的定义。</p>
<p>如何创建一个Schema？<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const UserSchema = new Schema({</span><br><span class="line"> token: String,</span><br><span class="line"> is_banned: {type: Boolean, default: false}, //是否禁言</span><br><span class="line"> enable: { type: Boolean, default: true }, //用户是否有效</span><br><span class="line"> is_actived: {type: Boolean, default: false}, //邮件激活</span><br><span class="line"> username: String,</span><br><span class="line"> password: String,</span><br><span class="line"> email: String, //email唯一性</span><br><span class="line"> code: String,</span><br><span class="line"> email_time: {type: Date},</span><br><span class="line"> phone: {type: String},</span><br><span class="line"> description: { type: String, default: "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下..." },</span><br><span class="line"> avatar: { type: String, default: "http://p89inamdb.bkt.clouddn.com/default_avatar.png" },</span><br><span class="line"> bg_url: { type: String, default: "http://p89inamdb.bkt.clouddn.com/FkagpurBWZjB98lDrpSrCL8zeaTU"},</span><br><span class="line"> ip: String,</span><br><span class="line"> ip_location: { type: Object },</span><br><span class="line"> agent: { type: String }, // 用户ua</span><br><span class="line"> last_login_time: { type: Date },</span><br><span class="line"> openid: {</span><br><span class="line"> WeiChat: String,</span><br><span class="line"> WeiBo: String,</span><br><span class="line"> QQ: String,</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> create_time: { type: Date },</span><br><span class="line"> // retrieve_time: { type: Number }, // 用户发送激活请求的时间</span><br><span class="line"> image_article: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'ImageArticle', }],</span><br><span class="line"> collection_image_article: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'ImageArticle', }],</span><br><span class="line"> collection_reading_article: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'ReadingArticle', }],</span><br><span class="line"> collection_music_article: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'MusicArticle', }],</span><br><span class="line"> collection_film_article: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'FilmArticle', }],</span><br><span class="line"> collection_sound_article: [{ type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'SoundArticle', }],</span><br><span class="line"> following_user: [{type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User'}], //关注</span><br><span class="line"> follower_user: [{type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User'}] //粉丝</span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="Model"><a href="#Model" class="headerlink" title="Model"></a>Model</h3><p>由Schema发布生成的模型，具有抽象属性和行为的数据库操作对象。正是Model的存在，让我们操作数据库更加方便快捷。<br>依赖<code>Schema</code>生成一个<code>Model</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const User = mongoose.model("User", UserSchema);</span><br><span class="line">module.exports = User;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="Entity"><a href="#Entity" class="headerlink" title="Entity"></a>Entity</h3><p>由Model创建的实体，它的操作也会影响数据库。<br>依赖<code>Model</code>，创造一个<code>Entity</code>：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const UserModel = require('../../models/user/user')</span><br><span class="line">const newUser = new UserModel({</span><br><span class="line"> username: '就这样子吧',</span><br><span class="line"> password: sha1('xxx'),</span><br><span class="line"> token: createToken('就这样子吧'),</span><br><span class="line"> email: '651734877@qq.com',</span><br><span class="line"> phone: '13003919397',</span><br><span class="line"> agent: req.headers['user-agent'],</span><br><span class="line"> ip: ip,</span><br><span class="line"> ip_location: geoip.lookup(ip)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="CRUD"><a href="#CRUD" class="headerlink" title="CRUD"></a>CRUD</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">exports.get = (req, res) => { </span><br><span class="line"> const articleId = req.query['id']; </span><br><span class="line"> ArticlesModel.findById(articleId, (err, result) => { </span><br><span class="line"> if (err) { </span><br><span class="line"> return res.status(400).send({ </span><br><span class="line"> message: '查找失败', data: [] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } else { </span><br><span class="line"> res.jsonp({ </span><br><span class="line"> data: [result] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line">}; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">exports.add = (req, res) => { </span><br><span class="line"> const article = new ArticlesModel(req.body); </span><br><span class="line"> article.save((err) => { </span><br><span class="line"> if (err) { </span><br><span class="line"> return res.status(400).send({ </span><br><span class="line"> message: '新增失败', </span><br><span class="line"> data: [] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } else { </span><br><span class="line"> res.send({ </span><br><span class="line"> data: [article] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">}; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">exports.remove = (req, res) => { </span><br><span class="line"> const id = req.query['id']; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> ArticlesModel.remove({'_id': id}, (err) => { </span><br><span class="line"> if (err) { </span><br><span class="line"> return res.status(400).send({ </span><br><span class="line"> message: '删除失败', </span><br><span class="line"> data: [] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } else { </span><br><span class="line"> res.send({status: 1}); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> }) </span><br><span class="line">}; </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">exports.update = (req, res) => { </span><br><span class="line"> const id = req.body['id']; </span><br><span class="line"> ArticlesModel.findById(id, (err, result) => { </span><br><span class="line"> if (err) { </span><br><span class="line"> return res.send({ </span><br><span class="line"> message: '更新失败', </span><br><span class="line"> data: [] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } else { </span><br><span class="line"> delete req.body['id']; </span><br><span class="line"> const articles = _.extend(result, req.body);</span><br><span class="line"> articles.save((err, result) => { </span><br><span class="line"> if (err) { </span><br><span class="line"> return res.status(400).send({ </span><br><span class="line"> message: '更新失败', </span><br><span class="line"> data: [] </span><br><span class="line"> }); </span><br><span class="line"> } else { </span><br><span class="line"> res.jsonp({ data: [articles] }); </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> }) </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line"> }) </span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="索引"><a href="#索引" class="headerlink" title="索引"></a>索引</h2><p>索引可以加快查询速度，我们通过一个例子来看看效果。<br>在mongo Shell中，我们创建10000条数据：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ mongo</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++){</span><br><span class="line"> db.users.insert({'name':'user' + i}); </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><img src="http://oubl6fzsm.bkt.clouddn.com/mongoose-explain.jpg" alt="image"><br>图中可以看出<code>executionTimeMillis</code>字段为7， 表示执行时间为7毫秒。<br>现在我们来添加索引后执行查询：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">db.hello.ensureIndex({name: 1});</span><br><span class="line">db.hello.find({'name': 'user1000'}).explain('executionStats')</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><img src="http://oubl6fzsm.bkt.clouddn.com/mongoose-explain2.jpg" alt="image"><br>图中可以看出<code>executionTimeMillis</code>字段为1。</p>
<p>从上面的实例可以看出，加了索引后，能快速的查询一条，这可以看到索引极大的提升了查询速度。</p>
<p>下面我们看看如何使用Mongoose创建：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const ArticlesSchema = new Schema({ </span><br><span class="line"> username: { </span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> index: true </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><strong>注</strong>: 对于添加的每一条索引，每次写操作（插入、更新、删除）都将耗费更多的时间。这是因为，当数据发生变化时，不仅要更新文档，还要更新集合上的所有索引。因此，mongodb限制每个集合最多有64个索引。通常，在一个特定的集合上，不应该拥有两个以上的索引。</p>
<h2 id="验证器Validate"><a href="#验证器Validate" class="headerlink" title="验证器Validate"></a>验证器Validate</h2><h3 id="内置验证器"><a href="#内置验证器" class="headerlink" title="内置验证器"></a>内置验证器</h3><p>Mongoose提供了几个内置验证器。</p>
<ul>
<li>所有的SchemaType都有内置的require验证器。</li>
<li>数值（ Numbers ）有最大（man）和最小（min）的验证器。</li>
<li>字符串（String）有enum，maxLength和minLength验证器。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const UsersSchema = new Schema({ </span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> age: { </span><br><span class="line"> type: Number, </span><br><span class="line"> min: [18, "自定义错误提示"] </span><br><span class="line"> max: 30, </span><br><span class="line"> required: true </span><br><span class="line"> }, </span><br><span class="line"> sex: { </span><br><span class="line"> type: String, </span><br><span class="line"> enum: { </span><br><span class="line"> values: ['male', 'female'],</span><br><span class="line"> message: '`{PATH}` 是 `{VALUE}`， 您必须确认您的性别!' </span><br><span class="line"> }, </span><br><span class="line"> required: true </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line">}); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mongoose.model('users', UsersSchema);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="自定义验证器"><a href="#自定义验证器" class="headerlink" title="自定义验证器"></a>自定义验证器</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const UsersSchema = new Schema({ </span><br><span class="line"> ... </span><br><span class="line"> phone: { </span><br><span class="line"> type: String, </span><br><span class="line"> validate: { </span><br><span class="line"> validator: function (v) {</span><br><span class="line"> return /1[3|5|8]\d{9}/.test(v);</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> message: '`{PATH}` 必须是有效的11位手机号码!' </span><br><span class="line"> }, </span><br><span class="line"> required: true </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line">}); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">或者</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">UsersSchema.path('phone').validate(function (v) {</span><br><span class="line"> return /1[3|5|8]\d{9}/.test(v);</span><br><span class="line">}, '`{PATH}` 必须是有效的11位手机号码!');</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="错误提示"><a href="#错误提示" class="headerlink" title="错误提示"></a>错误提示</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const user = new UsersModel(req.body);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">user.save((err, result) => {</span><br><span class="line"> if (err) {</span><br><span class="line"> console.error(err.errors['name']['message']);</span><br><span class="line"> return res.status(400)</span><br><span class="line"> .send({</span><br><span class="line"> message: err</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"> } else {</span><br><span class="line"> res.jsonp(user);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="联表查询"><a href="#联表查询" class="headerlink" title="联表查询"></a>联表查询</h2><p>如果你使用过MySql，肯定用过join，用来联表查询，但Mongoose中并没有join，不过它提供了一种更方便快捷的方法：<code>Population</code>。<br>用简短的话来概括Population的使用：在一个Collection(articles)中定义一个指向另一个Collection(comment)的_id字段的字段(comment)<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//FilmComment</span><br><span class="line">const filmCommentSchema = new Schema({</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> article_id: {type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'FilmArticle', required: true},</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> reply_to_id: {type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'FilmComment'} //ref的值是模型(model)名称 //被回复的评论id</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">const FilmComment = mongoose.model('FilmComment', filmCommentSchema);</span><br><span class="line">module.exports = FilmComment</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//FilmArticle</span><br><span class="line">const filmArticleSchema = new Schema({</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line"> comment: [{type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'FilmComment'}],</span><br><span class="line"> ...</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line">let FilmArticle = mongoose.model('FilmArticle', filmArticleSchema);</span><br><span class="line">module.exports = FilmArticle</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const newFilmComment = req.body.reply_to_id ? new FilmCommentModel({</span><br><span class="line"> article_id: req.body.article_id,</span><br><span class="line"> content: content,</span><br><span class="line"> create_time: Date.now(),</span><br><span class="line"> reply_to_id: req.body.reply_to_id</span><br><span class="line">}) : new FilmCommentModel({</span><br><span class="line"> article_id: req.body.article_id,</span><br><span class="line"> content: content,</span><br><span class="line"> create_time: Date.now(),</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">await FilmCommentModel.create(newFilmComment)</span><br><span class="line">const newFilmArticle = await FilmArticleModel.findByIdAndUpdate(req.body.article_id, {</span><br><span class="line"> $push': {</span><br><span class="line"> comment: newFilmComment._id</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line">}, {new: true}).populate({</span><br><span class="line"> path: 'comment',</span><br><span class="line"> model: 'FilmComment',</span><br><span class="line"> populate: {</span><br><span class="line"> path: 'reply_to_id',</span><br><span class="line"> model: 'FilmComment',</span><br><span class="line"> populate: {</span><br><span class="line"> path: 'user_id',</span><br><span class="line"> select: {</span><br><span class="line"> password: 0, token: 0</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line"> model: 'User'</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="虚拟属性VirtualType"><a href="#虚拟属性VirtualType" class="headerlink" title="虚拟属性VirtualType"></a>虚拟属性VirtualType</h2><p>虚拟属性并不会存储到MongoDB中，利用它，我们可以格式化和自定义组合属性值。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const UsersSchema = new Schema({ </span><br><span class="line"> ... </span><br><span class="line"> address: { </span><br><span class="line"> city: {type: String}, </span><br><span class="line"> street: {type: String} </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line">});</span><br><span class="line">const address = UsersSchema.virtual('address.full'); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">address.get(function () { </span><br><span class="line"> return this.address.city + ' ' + this.address.street; </span><br><span class="line">});</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="插件"><a href="#插件" class="headerlink" title="插件"></a>插件</h2><p>我们是可以通过插件形式来拓展Schema的功能。</p>
<p>比如文章，当我们修改文章时，一般都会添加一个最后编辑时间，虽然我们可以每次修改时都手动更新，但是我们可以通过插件来自动更新。<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// plugins/plugins.js </span><br><span class="line">module.exports = { </span><br><span class="line"> lastModified(schema) {</span><br><span class="line"> schema.add({ lastMod: Date })</span><br><span class="line"> schema.pre('save', function (next) { //前置钩子</span><br><span class="line"> this.lastMod = new Date; </span><br><span class="line"> next() </span><br><span class="line"> }) </span><br><span class="line"> } </span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">// articles/filmArticles.js</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const plugins = require('../plugins/plugins'); </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">filmArticlesSchema.plugin(plugins.lastModified);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="聚合函数"><a href="#聚合函数" class="headerlink" title="聚合函数"></a>聚合函数</h2><p>MongoDB中聚合(aggregate)主要用于处理数据(诸如统计平均值,求和等)，并返回计算后的数据结果。有点类似sql语句中的 count(*)。</p>
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