GitHub - nabin-8/PHP-Laravel

Laravel

1.Laravel Introduction

- Laravel is a free, open-source and one of the more popular PHP web Framework based on MVC architectural pattern.
- created by Taylor Otwell in june 2011
- Laravel Followes MVC Pattern

Uses of Laravel

- Create Web Apps
- Create APIs

What is MVC Pattern?

- Model
  - Database Related Task
  - SQL Queries
- View
  - User interface
  - HTML,CSS
- Controller
  - Business Logic
  - Mediator between Model and View
- MVC Principle
  - Separation of concerns.
  - Code Organization

MVC Pattern Work Flow

How to code in MVC Framework?

Controller (controllers/my_controller.php)

function total_frogs(){
Sthis->load->model("frogs");
Snumber_of_frogs= Sthis->frogs->count_frogs();
$data['froggies']=$number_of_frogs;
$this->load->view("frog_view", $data);

}

Model (models/frogs.php)

function count_frogs(){
Sthis->db->where("type","frog");
Sthis->db->from("animals"); &
Squery = Sthis->db->get();
return $query->numb_rows();

}

View (views/frog_view.php)

<html>
    <body>
        <h1>You've <?=$name;?></h1>
    </body>
</html>

Benefits of MVC Framework

- Organized Code
- Independent Block
- Reduces the complexity of Web Applications
- Easy to maintain
- Easy to modify
- Code reusability
- Improved collaboration *
- Platform independence
PHP MVC Frameworks
- - Laravel
  - Symfony
  - Codelgniter
  - Yii
  - CakePHP
  - Zend Framework

What is Framework?

- Programming frameworks are sets of pre-written code and libraries that provide a foundation for developing software applications.
- Pre-written Code & Library
  - Tools
  - Components
  - Modules
- Examples
  - Database Component
  - Caching
  - Pagination
  - Session management
  - Form Handling
  - Security mechanisms
  - User authentication
  - APIs
  - Payment Gateways
- Benefits
  - Code organization
  - Reusability
  - Standardization
  - Testing & debugging support
  - Community and support

Benefits of Laravel Framework

- Open source
- Elegant syntax
- MVC architecture
- Database migration and ORM
- Robust routing system
- Command-line Interface (Composer)
- Powerful template engine (Blade Template)
- Authentication and authorization
- Testing and debugging
- Security (XSS, CSRF, SQL injection)
- Scalability and performance (Redis and Memcached)
- Robust ecosystem and community
- Laravel Documentation

Main Topics of Laravel

- Artisan CLI
- Migration
- Routing
- Middleware
- Views
- Form Validation
- Blade Template
- Authentication
- Controllers
- Handling File Upload
- Model
- APIs Validation
- Database
- CRUD Project
- Eloquent ORM
- News Blog Project

3.Laravel installation

composer create-project laravel/laravel example-app

composer create-project laravel/laravel=10 myProject

Laravel Extensions

- PHP IntelliSense (Damjan Cvetko)
- PHP Namespace Resolver (Mehedi Hassan)
- Laravel Extra Intellisense (amir)
- laravel-blade (Christian Howe)
- Laravel Blade Snippets (Winnie Lin)
- Laravel goto view (codingyu)

4.Laravel Folder & File Structure

1. Model Folder ————————> Database / SQL Queries Handling 1. Files
2. Controller Folder —————> Business Logics Files
3. View Folder ——————————> HTML Files
4. Routing Folder ——————> URL Defining Files
5. Assets Folder (Public folder) —————————> Images / Fonts / Music / Videos Files CSS / JavaScript Files

5.Laravel Routing Basics

```
Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});
```
php artisan route commands
- php artisan
- php artisan route -h
- php artisan route:list
- php artisan route:list --except-vendor
- php artisan route:list --path=post

6.Laravel Routing Parameters & Constraints

http://localhost/post/yahoobaba 
http://localhost/post/news10 
http://localhost/post/@news10 
Route::get('/post/{id}, function (string $id) { 
return 'User ' . $id; 
});

‘http://localhost/post/10 whereNumber('id')
http://localhost/post/nabin whereAlpha('name’)
http://localhost/post/news10 whereAlphaNumeric('name’)
http://localhost/post/song whereln('category', ['movie', song’)
http://localhost/post/@10 where('id', '[@0-9]+')

Route::get('/post/{id}', function (string $id) {
return 'User '. Sid;
})->whereNumber('id');

7.Laravel Named Route & Routes Group

Named Route

Route::get('/hjfbvjhfd', function () {
    return view('post');
})->name('mypost');

Routes Group

Route::prefix('page')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/about', function () {
        return view('welcome');
    })->name('myhome');

    Route::get('/gallery', function () {
        return view('welcome');
    })->name('gallery');

    Route::get('/post', function () {
        return view('post');
    })->name('post');
});

Page Note Found 404

Route::fallback(function () {
    return "<h1>Page Note Found.</h1>";
});

8.Laravel Blade Template - I

    flowchart LR
    A(Blade Template)
    A--->B(Template Engine Based on PHP)

Benefits : Create Dynamic and Reusable Templates
Blade provides a clean and convenient way to create views in Laravel

Same code with php and blade template

    // php
    <?php echo "Hello"; ?>
    <?php echo $name; ?>
    <?php echo "<h1>Hello</h1>" ?>

    // blade template
    {{"Hello"}}
    {{$name}}
    {{!! "<h1>Hello</h1>" !!}}

Blade Prevent: cross-site scripting (XSS) Attacks

    <?php 
        //php code 
    ?>
    @php 
        {--commet--}
    @endphp

Basic syntex of blade

    <?php
    if(condition){
        //statement
    }else{
        //statement
    }
    ?>
    //blade
    @if(condition)
        //statement
    @else
        //statement
    @endif

if in blade

    @switch($i)
        @case(1)
            //first case
            @break
        @default
            //default case
        @endswitch

switch in blade

    @isset($record)
        //$record is default and is not null
    @endisset

isset in blade

Laravel Blade docs

    @for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++)
    The current value is {{ $i }}
    @endfor

    @foreach ($users as $user)
    <p>This is user {{ $user }</p>
    @endforeach

    @while (condition)
    <p>Loop Statement</p>
    @endwhile

    @forelse ($users as $user)
    <li>{{ $user->name }}</li>
    @empty
    <p>No users</p>
    @endforelse

    @continue
    @break

Loops for, foreach, while, forelse

Property	Description
$loop->index	The index of the current loop iteration (starts at 0).
$loop->iteration	The current loop iteration (starts at 1).
$loop->remaining	The iterations remaining in the loop.
$loop->count	The total number of items in the array being iterated.
$loop->first	Whether this is the first iteration through the loop.
$loop->last	Whether this is the last iteration through the loop.
$loop->even	Whether this is an even iteration through the loop.
$loop->odd	Whether this is an odd iteration through the loop.
$loop->depth	The nesting level of the current loop.
$loop->parent	When in a nested loop, the parent's loop variable.

    @php
    $names = ['surej', 'rajan', 'himal', 'nabin'];
    @endphp

    <ul>
        @foreach ($names as $name)
            @if ($loop->even)
                <li style="color: red">{{ $name }}</li>
            @elseif ($loop->odd)
                <li style="color: green">{{ $name }}</li>
                {{-- @else
                <li>{{ $name }}</li> --}}
            @endif
        @endforeach
    </ul>

Basic example
Blade Loop Variable for @foreach

9.Laravel Blade Template - II

Including Subviews/Directives
1. @include
2. @section
3. @extend
4. @yield

Reusable Templates

    first.blade.php             second.blade.php
    <h1>First Page</h1>         <h1>Second Page</h1>
    {{ $status }} `Include View` @include(first)
    @include()

    @include('first', ['status' => 'Hello'])

passing props in laravel

    {{-- @include --}}
    {{-- prpos --}}
    @php
        $fruits = ['one' => 'Apple', 'two' => 'Mango', 'three' => 'banana', 'four' => 'orange'];
        $age = 20;
    @endphp
    {{-- @include('pages.header', ['names' => $fruits]) --}}
    {{-- @includeWhen($age > 18 ? true : false, 'pages.header', ['names' => $fruits]) --}}
    @includeUnless($age > 18 ? true : false, 'pages.header', ['names' => $fruits])
    <h1>Home page</h1>

    @include('pages.footer')
    @includeIf('pages.contact')

10.Laravel Blade Template - III

Template main directives
1. @section
2. @extend
3. @yield
template inheritance

// master layout
@yield('title', 'web')

// other pages
@extends('layouts.masterlayout');

@section('content')
    <h2>Home page</h2>
    <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur</p>
@endsection

@section('title')
    Home
@endsection

// master layout
@hasSection('content')
    @yield('content')
@else
    <h1>No Content Found</h1>
@endif

// other
@section('sidebar')
    @parent
    <p>This is appended to the sidebar</p>
@endsection

Day2

goto-toc⤴️

No	Topics
11	js in balde
12	data-passing
13	controller
14	features-of-laravel-11
15	database-migration
16	migration-modifiers
17	migration-primary-foreign-key

11.Blade Template - IV JS in Blade

How to write js in blade template

    @php
        $user = 'Hello';
        $frouts = ['Apple', 'Mango', 'Banana', 'Litchi'];
    @endphp

    <script>
        // let data = @json($frouts);

        let data = {{ Js::from($frouts) }}
        data.map((val) => {
            console.log(val);
        })
    </script>

Js in Template Inheritance

    //define
    @stack('script')

    //use
    @extends('layout')
    @push('script')
        <script src="/example.js"></script>
    @endpush

style (CSS)

    @push('style')
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.css">
    @endpush

    @prepend (‘style’)
        <style>
            #wrapper{
                background: tan;

                }
        </style>
    @endprepend

javascript Framework (VueJs)

    @verbatim
        {{user}}
    @endverbatim

use Vue.js in laravel

    @verbatim
        <div id="app">{{ message }}</div>
    @endverbatim
    @push('scripts')
        <script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

        <script>
            const {
                createApp,
                ref
            } = Vue

            createApp({
                setup() {
                    const message = ref('Hello vue!')
                    return {
                        message
                    }
                }
            }).mount('#app')
        </script>
    @endpush

12.Data Passing Route to View

Dynamic Data Passing

    function getUsers()
    {
        return  [
            1 => ['name' => 'Amitabh', 'phone' => '9123456789', 'city' => 'Goa'],
            2 => ['name' => 'Salman', 'phone' => '9123456789', 'city' => 'Delhi'],
            3 => ['name' => 'Sunny', 'phone' => "9123456789", 'city' => 'Mumbai'],
            4 => ['name' => 'Akshay', 'phone' => '9123456789', 'city' => 'Agra'],
        ];
    }

    Route::get('/users', function () {
    $names = getUsers();
        return view('users', [
            'users' => $names,
            'city' => 'Delhi'
        ]);
    });

    Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {

        $users = getUsers();
        abort_if(!isset($users[$id]), 404);
        $user = $users[$id];
        return view('user', ['id' => $user]);
    })->name("view.user");

13.Controller in Laravel

To work on controller we should follow these three steps

Create Controller File
- To create Controller:
- php artisan make:controller UserController
- Then it will create: UserController.php

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function show()
    { 
        return view('user.profile');

    } 

}
// then add it to route
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
Route::get('/user', [UserController::class, 'show']);

Create Controller class
Create Route

PageController.php
<?php
    namespace App\Http\Controllers;

    use Illuminate\Http\Request;

    class PageController extends Controller
    {
        public function showHome()
        {
            return view("welcome");
        }
        public function showUser(string $id)
        {
            // return view("user", ["id" => $id]);
            return view("user", compact("id"));
        }
        public function showBlog()
        {
            return view("blog");
        }
    }

    web.php

    Route::get("/", [PageController::class, 'showHome'])->name('home');

    // route group
    Route::controller(PageController::class)->group(function () {
        Route::get("/", 'showHome')->name('home');
        Route::get("/blog", 'showBlog')->name('blog');
        Route::get("/user/{id}", 'showUser')->name('user');
    });

Single Action Controller

    php artisan make:controller TestingController --invokable
    or
    php artisan make:controller TestingController --i

    class TestController extends Controller
    {
        public function __invok ()

        {
            return view('test');

        } 

    }

    Route::get('/test', TestingController::class);

myProject>php artisan route:list --except-vendor
php artisan route:list --path=user

14.Features of Laravel 11

15.Database Migration

How to Work with Database
1. Create Database
2. Create Tables in Database(column Namw, Datatype)
3. Insert Initial Data in Tables
4. Code with Database

Steps

Create Database
Create Database Migration
- (Create tables in database)
Seeding
- (Insert Initial Data in Tables)
- php artisan make:migration create_students_table
Create Model

Mysql DataTypes

CHAR(size)
VARCHAR (size)
BINARY(size)
VARBINARY(size)
TINYTEXT
TEXT(size)
MEDIUMTEXT
LONGTEXT
TINYBLOB
BLOB(size)
MEDIUMBLOB
LONGBLOB
ENUM(val1, val2, val3, ...)
SET(vall, val2, val3,..)
BIT(size) 1to64
TINYINT(size) -128 to 127
INT(size) -2147483648 to 2147483647
INTEGER(size)
SMALLINT(size) -32768 to 32767
MEDIUMINT(size) -8388608 to 8383607
BIGINT(size) -9223372036854775808 to 1. 9223372036854775807
BOOL
BOOLEAN 0/1
FLOAT(p)
DOUBLE(size, d) 255.568
DECIMAL(size, d) size = 60, d = 30
DEC(size,d)

Laravel Migration Avilable Datatypes Docs

PHP Artisan Migration Commands

php artisan make:migration
php artisan make:migration create_students_table / tablename
php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate:status
php artisan migrate:rollback
php artisan migrate:reset
php artisan migrate:refresh
php artisan migrate:fresh
php artisan make:model Task -m

16.Migration Modifiers and constraints

Types of Modifications
- Column Modifications
  1. Add New Column
  2. Rename Column
  3. Delete Column
  4. Change Column Order
  5. Change Datatype or Size of Column
- Table Modifications
  1. Rename Table
  2. Delete Table

Laravel:Modify Column with Migration

$table->renameColumn(‘from’, 'to'); 

MySQL <8.0.3
MariaDB < 10.5.2

$table->dropColumn('city');
$table->dropColumn(['city’, ‘avatar’, 'location']);
$table->string('name', 50)->change();
$table->integer('votes')->unsigned()->default(1)->comment('my comment')->change();

Change Column Order
$table after('password’, function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->string('address');
    $table->string('city');
});

MYSQL Constraints with Migration

NOT NULL
UNIQUE
DEFAULT
PRIMARY KEY
FOREIGN KEY
CHECK

    Stable->string(‘email')->nullable();
    Stable->string(‘'email')->unique();
    Stable->unique('email’);
    Stable->string('city')->default('Agra');
    Stable->primary('user_id');
    Stable->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users');
    DB::statement('ALTER TABLE users ADD CONSTRAINT age CHECK (age > 18);');

Modifier	Description
->after('column’)	Place the column "after" another column (MySQL).
->autoIncrement()	Set INTEGER columns as auto-incrementing (primary key).
->comment('my comment’)	Add a comment to a column (MySQL/PostgreSQL).
->first()	Place the column "first" in the table (MySQL).
->from(Sinteger)	Set the starting value of an auto-incrementing field (MySQL / PostgreSQL).
->invisible()	Make the column "invisible" to SELECT * queries (MySQL).
->unsigned()	Set INTEGER columns as UNSIGNED (MySQL).
->useCurrent()	Set TIMESTAMP columns to use CURRENT_TIMESTAMP as default value.
->useCurrentOnUpdate()	Set TIMESTAMP columns to use CURRENT_TIMESTAMP when a record is updated (MySQL).

17.Migration Primary & Foreign Key

// create primary key
$table->primary('Cid');
// create foreign key
$table->foreign('city')->references('Cid')->on('City');

Foreign Key with Cascade

Stable->foreign('City_id')->references('Cid')->on('City’)
    ->onUpdate('cascade')
    ->onDelete('cascade’);

cascadeOnUpdate();
cascadeOnDelete();
restrictOnUpdate();
restrictOnDelete();
nullOnDelete();

3way to make foreign key

$table->foreign('stu_id')->references('id')->on('students'); 
$table->foreignId('stu_id')->constrained (‘students’); 
$table->unsignedBiginteger('student_id'); 
$table->foreignId('student_id')->constratined();

Drop key Constraints
php artisan make:migration update_library_table --table=libraries
php artisan migrate:refresh

$table->dropPrimary('users_id_primary');
$table->dropUnique('users_email_unique');
$table->dropForeign('posts_user_id_foreign');
$table->dropForeign(['user_id']);

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 10 Commits
Laravel/CH1_Intro_toLaravel		Laravel/CH1_Intro_toLaravel
assets		assets
myProject		myProject
README.md		README.md
php_laravel_roadmap.md		php_laravel_roadmap.md

No	Topics
1	laravel-introduction
2	Laravel setup Laravel `Herd`
3	laravel-installation
4	Folder Structure
5	routing-basics
6	routing-parameters
7	Laravel Named Route
8	Laravel Blade
9	Laravel Blade II
10	Laravel Blade III

No	Day	Total Topics
1	day1	10
2	day2	7

nabin-8/PHP-Laravel

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